Stand-Alone Posterior Expandable Cage Technique for Adjacent Segment Degeneration with Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis: A Retrospective Case Series

Background and Objectives: Symptomatic adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) with lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS) is a common complication after spinal intervention, particularly interbody fusion.Stand-alone posterior expandable cages enable interbody fusion with preservation of the previous operation site, and screw-related complications are avo

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Invasome: A Novel Nanocarrier for Transdermal Drug Delivery

Invasomes are novel vesicular systems that exhibit improved transdermal penetration compared to conventional liposomes.These vesicles contain phospholipids, ethanol, and terpene in their structures; these components confer suitable transdermal penetration properties to the soft vesicles.The main advantages of these nanovesicles lie in their ability

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